Program for addition of two number using Python

 This is a simple program for addition of two numbers using Python.

Program takes two numbers as input from the user and prints the sum as output.

#Simple Program for addition of two number without using function

print("Enter two numbers to be added")

#int can have numbers in the range -2147483648 through 2147483647

a=int(input()) #takes first number as input from user

b=int(input()) #takes second number as input from user

c=a+b          #adds two numbers a & b and saves to c

print("Addition of numbers {} and {} is {}".format(a,b,c))

Text in green color shows the comments

Output:

Enter two numbers to be added

123

123

Addition of numbers 123 and 123 is 246

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Voltage Divider Circuit Simulation using Proteus Circuit design software

Below video describes how to use Proteus electronics circuit simulation tool to design and simulate circuits. Please watch below video which describes how to simulate a simple voltage divider circuit using Proteus 8.

You can watch the same on YouTube also https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlfEdPcbn8I

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Automatic light ON-OFF using LDR.

LDR is a Light Dependent Resistor, when light falls on it, its resistance decreases to few hundred of Ohms and when there is dark then it offers resistance of value near about 100kOhms.

This post is about how a LDR sensor can be used to build an automatic light control circuit, by using LDR, transistor BC557, 100k pot, a resistorr and 9V battery a circuit is built on zero PCB.

When there is dark in the room then automatically the LED is ON and when there is brightness in the room then the LED is OFF. 

The video shows the implemented and tested board.

Electronics devices Fundamentals

When you are going to start learning the subject Electronics devices, At first sight you need to understand some key concepts and definitions which are explained below.

Matter:  Matter is defined as anything that has weight and can occupy space.

e.g. our own body, air, water etc. and matter can be found in any one of the three states: Solid, Liquid and Gaseous.

Element: A substance which can not be reduced to a simpler substance by chemical reaction.

e.g. copper, gold, silver.

Compound: When two or more elements are combined chemically then the new substance formed is called as compound. Compound can be separated by chemical but not physical means.

e.g. salt, water.

Atom: An Atom is the smallest individual particle of an element which retains the characteristics of that element. These atoms of each elements are made up of Electrons, Protons and Neutrons.

Electron is having small negative charge of electricity. Proton has positive charge of electricity which is equal and opposite to the charge of Electron. Neutron has no electric charge.

Electrons, Protons and Neutrons are arranged like a solar system. Protons and Neutrons are at the center and they form a heavy nucleus having positive charge and Electrons revolve around them.

Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus gives the atomic number. 

Below figure shows the atomic structure of Silicon atom.

From above fig. atomic number of Silicon is 14. In this fig. shown the black circles are called as shells. The number of electrons required to fill the shells is given by Pauli's Exclusion Principle it states that each shell will contain maximum of 2(n^2) number of electrons where n is shell number starting from 1. By this principle first shell consist of 2(1^2) that is max 2 electrons, second shell consist of 2(2^2) that is max 8 electrons, third shell will consist of max 2(3^2) that is 18 electrons and so on. 

Valence: The number of electrons in the outermost shell gives the Valence of that atom. For this reason the outermost shell of an atom is called as Valence shell and the electrons in this shell are called as valence electrons. The valence shell can either gain or lose electrons depending upon the number of electrons.

Ionization: When an atom gains or lose electrons in this process it is said to Ionized. When an atom gains electrons then it becomes more negative and is called Negative ION. When an atom loses electrons then it will be having less number of electrons than previous and it becomes a Positive ION.

Touch Switch using BJT

This is a simple touch switch circuit built using transistor. In this circuit when a person touches the touch pad provided (or you can have simple wire instead of touch pad) at the base of the NPN transistor and also to the positive of 5V battery then his/her skin acts as a resistor and this closes the circuit and at the same time the transistor turns on and hence the LED connected there glows.
Here I have given Proteus demonstration of the same.
When no one touches the pad LED is not ON is shown below.

When someone touches the pad then the LED glows and is shown below.