TRONIX FUNDA

  Introduction to Verilog Verilog is a type of Hardware Description Language (HDL). Verilog is one of the two languages used by education and business to design FPGAs and ASICs.

System Design Technologies There are four design technologies: Fixed-Function IC  Full Custom ASIC Semi Custom ASIC PLD Technology Fixed-Function IC In this type  the IC is designed for a fixed application. We call it as ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit). Here the cost of making a single IC  is very much high. Also time to market is high. Full Custom ASIC A full custom ASIC is one where mostly all the blocks(logic blocks) are customized. A microprocessor is an example of Full custom ASIC. Semi Custom ASIC Here all the logic cells are predesigned and some(possibly all) the mask layers are customized. Using the predesigned cells in the library makes the design easy. PLD Technology Programmable logic devices are special ICs that are available in market in standard configurations. They can be configured to create a part customized to a specific application and hence belong to family of ASICS

Using Python's Tkinter module, here I have implemented a BMI calculator. BMI introduction BMI is a measurement of a person's leanness or corpulence based on their height and weight, and is intended to quantify tissue mass. It is widely used as a general indicator of whether a person has a healthy body weight for their height. Specifically, the value obtained from the calculation of BMI is used to categorize whether a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese depending on what range the value falls between. BMI table for adults This is the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended body weight based on BMI values for adults. It is used for both men and women, age 18 or older. Category BMI range - kg/m 2 Severe Thinness < 16 Moderate Thinness 16 - 17 Mild Thinness 17 - 18.5 Normal 18.5 - 25 Overweight 25 - 30 Obese Class I 30 - 35 Obese Class II 35 - 40 Obese Class III > 40 Below is the Python program and corresponding output window is shown. from tk...

Following code is to check if a given positive integer input by user is UNO number or NOT UNO For e.g. if user input is 1234 then here the sum of digits if the given number is 1+2+3+4 = 10 and then again if we sum the digits of resulting number i.e. 10 is 1+0 = 1 hence if this kind of sum of digits of a number is 1 then the number is said UNO else NOT UNO NOT UNO e.g. 234 here sum of digits is 2+3+4 = 9, this is not equal to 1 hence it is said NOT UNO Python Program:   num = int ( input ()) #takes user input def check_uno (num): sum_d = 0 k = 0 while num > 0 : k = num % 10 sum_d = sum_d + k num = num // 10 if sum_d == 1 or sum_d == 10 : print ( "UNO" ) elif (sum_d > 1 and sum_d < 10 ): print ( "NOT UNO" ) elif sum_d > 11 : b = check_uno(sum_d) check_uno(num) #Output: Input = 1234 Output = UNO Input = 12345 Output = NOT UNO Input = 345345 Output = NOT UNO

The  555 Timer IC  can be connected either in its Monostable mode thereby producing a precision timer of a fixed time duration, or in its Bistable mode to produce a flip-flop type switching action. But we can also connect the 555 timer IC in an Astable mode to produce a very stable  555 Oscillator  circuit for generating highly accurate free running waveforms whose output frequency can be adjusted by means of an externally connected RC tank circuit consisting of just two resistors and a capacitor. Below video shows implemented circuit in Proteus design suite. You can see the LEDs connected to output pin are blinking continuously.  In the  555 Oscillator  above video, pin 2 and pin 6 are connected together allowing the circuit to re-trigger itself on each and every cycle allowing it to operate as a free running oscillator. During each cycle capacitor,  C  charges up through both timing resistors,  R1  and  R2  but discharge...

 Below is the program which calculates the areas of Rectangle, Circle, and Square. It takes the inputs from user such as length and width for Rectangle, radius for Circle, and side of Square for Square. Code: length = int ( input ( "Enter the length of the Rectangle " )) width = int ( input ( "Enter the width of the Rectangle " )) radius = int ( input ( "Enter radius of Circle " )) side = int ( input ( "Enter side of the Square " )) class Area :     def __init__ ( self , length, width, radius, side,):         self . length = length         self . width = width         self . radius = radius         self . side = side       def Rect_area ( self ):         rect_area = self . length * self . width         p...

The program shown below calculates the area of the rectangle for given user inputs of length and width. #Program: length = int ( input ( "Enter the length of the Rectangle " )) width = int ( input ( "Enter the width of the Rectangle " )) class Rectangle :     def __init__ ( self , length, width):         self . length = length         self . width = width     def area ( self ):         rect_area = self . length * self . width         print ( "Area of the Rectangle = " , rect_area)   area1 = Rectangle(length, width) area1 . area() Output: Enter the length of the Rectangle 7 Enter the width of the Rectangle 9 Area of the Rectangle =  63